Budaya-Tionghoa.Net | Setelah Restorasi Meiji , Jepang mengalami percepatan pembangunan di segala bidang dan muncul sebagai kekuatan dunia dalam waktu dua sama tiga dekade pasca Restorasi yang ditandai oleh kemenangan Jepang terhadap Russia.
Sebelumnya adalah Sino Japanese War I . Dinasti Qing memasuki masa surut bertemu dengan kebangkitan Jepang. Hasilnya adalah perebutan pengaruh kawasan , salah satunya adalah Korea, sebuah negara yang secara tradisi sejarah merupakan negara dalam sistem tributary Tiongkok.
Ketegangan antara Jepang dan Tiongkok memuncak di tahun 1894 dimana baik Jepang dan Tiongkok mengirim pasukan ke semenanjung Korea berujung pada kekalahan Tiongkok sekaligus menambah derita Dinasti Qing yang sudah mengalami pukulan bertubi-tubi sejak Perang Candu sekitar setengah abad sebelumnya.
| Treaty | Shimonoseki |
| Tanggal |
17 April 1895 |
| Lokasi | Shimonoseki , Jepang |
| Partisipan | Tiongkok , Jepang |
| Kesepakatan | Ganti Rugi 200 juta Tael Kuping , Penyerahan Korea , Sebagian Manchuria , Taiwan dan Pescadores kepada Jepang. |
ARTICLE I
China recognizes definitively the full and complete independence and autonomy of Korea, and in consequence, the payment of tribute and the performance of ceremonies and formalities by Korea to China in derogation of such independence and autonomy, shall wholly cease for the future.
ARTICLE II
China cedes to Japan in perpetuity and full sovereignty the following territories together with all fortifications, arsenals and public property thereon:
(1) The southern portion of the Province of Fêng- Tien within the following boundaries: The line of demarcation begins at the mouth of the
River Yalu and ascends that stream to the mouth of the River An-ping; from thence the line runs to Fêng-Huang; from thence to Hai-Cheng, from thence toYing-Kow, forming a line which describes the southern portion of the territory. The places above named are
included in the ceded territory. When the line reaches the River Liao at Ying-Kow it follows the course of that
stream to its mouth where it terminates. The mid-channel of the River Liao shall be taken as the line of
demarcation. This cession also includes all Islands appertaining or belonging to the Province of Fêng-Tien situated in the eastern portion of the Bay of Liao-Tung and in the northern part of the Yellow Sea.
(2) The Island of Formosa together with all Islands appertaining or belonging to the said Island of Formosa.
(3) The Pescadores Group, that is to say, all Islands lying between the 119th and 120th degrees of longitude east of Greenwich and the 23rd and 24th degrees of north latitude.
ARTICLE III
The alignments of the frontiers described in the preceding Article and shown on the annexed Map shall be subject to verification and demarcation on the spot, by a Joint Commission of Delimitation, consisting of two or more Japanese and two or more Chinese Delegates to be appointed immediately after the exchange of the ratifications of this Act. In case the boundaries laid down in this Act are found to be defective at any point, either on account of topography or in consideration of good administration, it shall also be the duty of the Delimitation Commission to rectify the same.
The Delimitation Commission will enter upon its duties as soon as possible and will bring its labors to a conclusion within the period of one year after appointment.
The alignments laid down in this Act shall, however, be maintained until the rectifications of the Delimitation Commission, if any are made, shall have received the approval of the Governments of Japan and China.
ARTICLE IV
China agrees to pay to Japan as a war indemnity the sum of 200,000,000 Kuping Taels. The said sum to be paid in eight instalments. The first instalment of 50,000,000 taels to be paid within six months, and the second instalment of 50,000,000 taels to be paid within twelve months, after the exchange of the ratifications of this Act. The remaining sum to be paid in six equal annual instalments as follows: The first of such equal annual instalments to be paid within two years; the second within three years; the third within four years; the fourth within five years; the fifth within six years, and the sixth within seven years, after the exchange of the ratifications of this Act. Interest at the rate of 5 per centum per annum shall begin to run on all unpaid portions of the said indemnity from the date the first instalment falls due.
Sumber :
- Fred L. Israel, ed., Major Peace Treaties of Modern History, 1648–2000 (Philadelphia: Chelsea House Publishers, 2002), II: 1,101–1,110.
- Charles Phillips , Alan Axelrod , Encyclopedia of Historical Treaties and Alliances