The Problem of China – Bertrand Russel

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INDEX

• Academy, Imperial, 44
• Adams, Will, 94
• Afghanistan, 175
• Ainu, 117
• America, 17, 54, 63, 69, 134, 136, 145 ff., 159 ff
  • and naval policy, 161-162
  • and trade with Russia, 162-163
  • and Chinese finance, 163-165, 244
  • and Japan, 167 ff.
• Americanism, 221
• Ancestor-worship, 39
• An Fu Party, 145, 205, 243
• Anglo-Japanese Alliance, 120, 123, 133, 137, 149, 175
• Annam, 52
• Arnold, Julean, 231
• Art, 11, 12, 28, 189
• Australia, 181

• Backhouse, 49
• Balfour, 152, 153
• Benthamites, 80
• Birth-rate—
  • in China, 73
  • in Japan, 116
• Bismarck, 112, 130
• Bland, 49, 77 n, 107
• Bolsheviks, 17, 18, 128, 136, 143, 146 ff., 175 ff., 245
• Bolshevism, 82
  • in China, 175, 194, 204
• Books, burning of, 24 ff.
• Boxer rising, 53, 54, 227
  • indemnity, 54, 217
• Brailsford, 166
• Buddhism, 27, 31, 48, 190
  • in Japan, 86 ff., 91, 105, 169
• Burma, 52
• Bushido, 172

• Canada, 181
• Canton, 50, 68, 71, 75, 207
• Capitalism, 179
• Cassel agreement, 69
• Chamberlain, Prof. B.H., 103, 105
• Changchun, 124
• Chang-tso-lin, 68, 71, 77,242, 253
• Chao Ki, 40
• Chen Chiung Ming, 68, 253-255
• Chen, Eugene, 133 n.
• Cheng, S.G., 55 n., 65, 134 n., 139 n., 232
• Chien Lung, Emperor, 49 ff.
• Chi Li, Mr., 37
• China—
  • early history, 21 ff.
  • derivation of name, 24
  • population, 31-34
  • Year Book, 32
  • produce, 72
  • influence on Japan, 86 ff.,104
  • and the war, 134 ff.
  • Post Offices, 150
• Chinese—
  • character of, 199-213
  • love of laughter, 188-189, 200
  • dignity, 202
  • pacifism, 195, 213
  • callousness, 209
  • cowardice, 210
  • avarice, 211
  • patience, 206
  • excitability, 212
• Chingkiang, 60
• Chinlingchen mine, 234
• Chita, 146, 154
• Choshu, 99, 101, 102, 106
• Chou dynasty, 22
• Christianity in Japan, 92 ff.
• Chuang Tze, 8, 82, 188, 192
• Chu Fu Tze, 43
• Chu Hsi, 46
• Civilization—
  • alphabetical, 37
  • Chinese, 187 ff.
  • European, 186
• Coal in China, 132 n., 231 ff.
• Coleman, 77 n., 110, 132 n., 133 n.
• Colour prejudice, 168, 173
  • and labour, 181 ff.
• Confucius, 21, 22, 24, 38, 187, 208
• Confucianism, 34, 38 ff., 190
  • in Japan, 118
• Consortium, 14, 163 ff., 179, 244
• Cordier, Henri, 24 n., 25, 27 n., 28, 30 n., 31 n., 187 n.
• Cotton, 76, 235
  • industry in Osaka, 114
• Customs—
  • Chinese, 55 ff.,
  • on exports, 56
  • internal, 56-57

• Dairen, 123
  • Conference at, 154 ff.
• Denison, 129
• Dewey, Professor, 69, 224
  • Mrs., 224
• Diet, Japanese, 109 ff.
• Dutch in Japan, 94 ff., 100

• Education, 44 ff., 76 ff., 193, 214-225, 247 ff.
  • statistics of, 215
  • classical, 215-217
  • European and American, 217-221
  • modern Chinese, 221 ff.
  • of women, 223-224
• Efficiency, creed of, 17
• “Eight Legs,” 45, 46
• Emperor of China 22 ff, 39, 83, 88, 205
  • “First,” 24 ff.
• Empress Dowager, 52 n.
• Examination, competitive, 34, 44 ff, 76

• “Face,” 204
• Famines in China, 72, 210
• Far Eastern Republic, 140, 154
• Federalism in China, 70, 244
• Feudalism—
  • in China, 24, 26
  • in Japan, 89 ff.
• Filial Piety, 39 ff., 61
  • and patriotism, 41
  • in Japan, 118, 169
• Foreign Trade statistics, 236-237
• Forestry, 80
• Fourteen Points, 53
• France, 52, 53, 123
  • and Shantung, 137-138
  • and Japan, 157
• Fukien, 132

• Galileo, 186
• Genoa Conference, 146
• Genro, the, 91, 106 ff., 128
• George III, 49
• Germany, 30, 53, 109, 138, 172
  • property in China during war, 141 ff.
• Giles, Lionel, 82 n.
• Giles, Professor, 23, 39, 43 n., 49 n., 187 n.
• Gladstone, 157, 160
• Gleason, 132 n., 134 n.
• Gobi desert, 31
• Gompers, 163
• Great Britain—
  • and China, 52 ff.
  • and Shantung, 137
• Great Wall, 24
• Greeks, 186
• Guam, 150

• Han dynasty, 27
• Hanyehping Co., 132 n., 232-233
• Hart, Sir Robert, 57
• Hayashi, 133 n.
• Hearn, Lafcadio, 99
• Heaven (in Chinese religion), 23, 43
  • Temple of, 23, 24
• Hideyoshi, 87, 93, 94
• Hirth, 22 n., 23 n., 27 n.
• Hong Kong, 52, 69, 75, 207
• Hsu Shi-chang, President, 44
• Hughes, Premier, 181 n.
• Hughes, Secretary, 152, 153
• Hung Wu, Emperor, 45
• Huns, 24, 27, 31
• Hu Suh, 250

• Ichimura, Dr., 121
• Ideograms, 34 ff.
• Immigration, Asiatic, 181 ff.
• Imperialism. 82
• India, 27, 29, 48, 119, 120
• Industrialism, 186
  • in China, 75, 76, 212,
  • 226-239, 245 ff.
  • in Japan, 114
• Inouye, 88
• Intelligentsia in China, 76
• Iron in China, 131, 132 n., 231 ff.
  • Japanese control of, 232 ff.
• Ishii, 135. See also Lansing-Ishii
  • Agreement.
• Ito, 88. 109 ff
• Iyeyasu, 91, 94, 95

• Japan, 14, 15, 27, 30, 52, 53, 62, 63, 86-175
  • early history, 86 ff.
  • constitution, 109 ff.
  • war with China, 113, 122, 130
  • war with Russia, 108, 123, 130
  • clan loyalty, 118
  • loyalty to Allies, 136
  • hegemony in Asia, 120
  • loans to China in 1918, 143
  • Socialism in, 114, 170
• Jenghis Khan, 28 ff.
• Jews, 186

• Kang Hsi, Emperor, 49 n.
• Kara Korum, 30
• Kato, 133 n.
• Kiangnan Dock, 232
• Kiaochow, 53, 131, 151
• Kieff, 29
• Koo, Mr. Wellington, 58 n., 164
• Korea, 53, 86, 120, 122, 124
• Kublai Khan, 29, 30
• Kyoto, 96
• Kyushu, 92, 94

• Lama Religion, 43
• Lamont, 165
• Lansing, 144
• Lansing-Ishii Agreement, 134, 139, 151
• Lao-Tze, 43, 82, 187, 194
• Legge, 22 n., 39 n., 82 n.
• Lenin, 180, 250,
• Lennox, Dr., 73 n.
• Literati, 25, 26, 38 ff.
• Li Ung Bing, 26, 45
• Li Yuan Hung, President, 140 ff.
• Li Yuen, 28 n.
• Lloyd George, 133, 140, 157
• Louis XIV., 51
• Louis, Saint, 29

• Macao, 62
• Macartney, 49
• Malthus, 73
• Manchu dynasty, 30, 31, 43, 64
• Manchuria, 53, 68, 120, 123, 127, 130, 146, 154, 177, 178, 207
• Manila, 93
• Marco Polo, 29
• Marcus Aurelius, 27
• Marx, 250
• Masuda, 93
• McLaren, 98, 103 n.
• Mechanistic Outlook, 81 ff.
• Merv, 29
• Mikado, 87, 99, 106
  • worship of, 98, 103, 168-169
• Militarism, 16, 42, 43 n.
• Millard, 134 n., 143, 151 n.
• Minamoto Yoritomo, 90
• Mines, 230 ff.
• Ming dynasty, 30
• Missionaries, 196
  • Roman Catholic, 48, 49 n.
  • in Japan, 92 ff.
• Mongol dynasty, 28 ff., 43
• Mongolia, 29, 43, 120, 147, 154
• Morgan, J.P., 157, 165
• Morphia, 150
• Moscow, 29
• Mukden, 130
• Murdoch, 28 n., 86 n., 101, 107 n.

• Nationalism, 16
• Nestorianism, 48
• Nicolaievsk, 155
• Nietzsche, 84, 194
• Nishapur, 29
• Nobunaga, 94
• Northcliffe, Lord, 77 n.

• Observatory, Peking, 30, 49
• Okuma, 120, 122
• Open Door, 55, 162, 179
• Opium, 52

• Panama Tolls, 162
• Peking, 30, 34, 52, 72
  • Legation Quarter, 54
  • Union Medical College, 73, 219
  • Government University, 217 n., 222
  • Girls’ High Normal School, 224
• Penhsihu mine, 234
• Perry, Commodore, 96, 100, 167
• Persia, 27, 29, 175
• Phonetic writing, 35
• Plato, 186
• Po Chui, 195
• Po Lo, 83
• Pooley, 120 n., 121, 124, 128, 133 n.
• Pope, The, 29, 169
• Port Arthur, 54, 123, 130, 150, 175
• Portsmouth, Treaty of, 108-109, 125
• Portuguese, 92 ff.
• Progress, 13, 196, 202
• Putnam Weale, 32, 33, 65, 143 n., 165, 228

• Railways, 226 ff.
  • nationalization of, 228 ff.
  • statistics of, 230
  • Chinese Eastern, 123, 126, 143, 146, 227
  • Fa-ku-Men, 124
  • Hankow-Canton, 227
  • Peking-Kalgan, 227, 229
  • Peking-Hankow, 227
  • Shantung, 151 ff., 227
  • Siberian, 146, 227
  • South Manchurian, 124, 125, 126
  • Tientsin-Pukow, 227
• Reid, Rev. Gilbert, 134 n., 139 n. 142
• Reinsch, 134 n., 135, 136
• Restoration in Japan, 87, 97 8.
• Revolution of 1911, 30, 65 ff.
  • and Japan, 128 ff.
• Rockefeller Hospital, 218
• Rome, 27, 51
• Roosevelt, 108
• Rousseau, 42
• Russia, 15, 18-20, 29, 53, 108, 119, 127, 146 ff., 175 ff.
  • war with Japan, 108,123, 130
  • secret treaty with Japan, 136
  • and Shantung, 138-139

• Salt tax, 59, 60
• San Felipe, 93
• Sato, Admiral, 172
• Satsuma, 94, 99, 101, 102, 106
• Science, 51, 80, 81, 186, 193
• Shank, Mr., 69
• Shantung, 53, 127, 131 ff., 178
  • secret treaties concerning, 137
  • in Versailles Treaty, 144
  • and Washington Conference, 145, 151 ff.
• Shaw, Bernard, 160
• Sherfesee, 80
• Shih Huang Ti, See Emperor, “First”
• Shi-King, 25
• Shinto, 87 ff., 103, 105, 169
• Shogun, The, 90, 99 ff.
• Shu-King, 21, 22 n., 25
• Simpson, Lennox. See Putnam Weale
• Socialism, 64, 181 ff.
  • State, 180, 246
  • in Japan, 114, 170
  • in China, 222, 236
• Soyeda, 144 n.
• Spaniards in Japan, 93
• Student Movement, 223, 243
• Students—
  • returned, 17, 193, 219
  • statistics of, 220 n.
• Summer Palace, 52
• Sung dynasty, 30, 45
• Sun Yat Sen, 65, 68, 128, 140, 253-256
• Supreme Ruler. See Heaven.

• Taiping Rebellion, 32, 56, 65
• Tai-tsung, 28 n.
• Tang dynasty, 28, 44
• Taochung iron mine, 234
• Taoism, 43, 187 ff.
• Tartars, 27, 31
• Tayeh mines, 231 n., 232-233
• Teachers’ strike, 206, 225
• Tenny, Raymond P., 33
• Tibet, 31, 43
• Ting, Mr. V.K., 73 n.
• Tokugawa, 99
• Tong, Hollington K., 143 n., 204 n.
• Trade Unionism, 180-181
  • in Japan, 114-115
• Treaty Ports, 74
• Tsing-hua College, 217
• Tsing-tau, 131, 151
• Tuan Chih-jui, 140 ff.
• Tuangkuan Shan mines, 233
• Tuchuns, 61, 67, 71, 76, 203, 206
• Twenty-one Demands, 131 ff., 233, 234
• Tyau, M.T.Z., 144 n., 215, 220 n., 223, 226 n., 230, 235

• United States. See America.

• Versailles Treaty, 53, 142, 144,151
• Vladivostok, 146, 154
• Volga, 18
• Voltaire, 221

• Waley, 84, 195
• War, Great, idealistic aims of, 141 ff.
• Washington Conference, 16, 55 n., 61, 63, 127, 145, 149 ff., 178
• Wei-hai-wei, 54, 149
• White men, virtues of, 121
• William II., 122
• Wilson, President, 140, 142
• Women, position of, in China, 223-224
• Woosung College, 239
• Wu-Pei-Fu, 42, 60, 68, 71, 242, 253-255

• Yamagata, Prince, 115 n.
• Yangtze, 52, 132
• Yao and Shun, 21, 22
• Yellow River, 21, 187
• Y.M.C.A., 82, 83, 222
• Young China, 26, 61, 77 ff., 144, 145, 167, 193, 247, 250
• Yü, 22
• Yuan Shi-k’ai, 65 ff., 129, 135